Managing Time and Stress

The Conceptual Issue The main problem modern people usually face is managing time and stress. It is obvious that while working and having some specific goals people want to reach better results and to occupy higher positions. All this influence human nerves as in most cases people have to do many things at once. People try to do many different things at one and the same time. The inability to manage time leads to stressful conditions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Time and Stress specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Application to the Personal Job Experience Considering personal experience I would like to state that there were numerous situations when I appeared in the similar condition. Trying to do all the things at one and the same time, I understood that it was impossible for me to complete all the tasks and I hardly met the deadlines. Then, I understood that something had to be done. I tried to create a plan and set time for each activity. Moreover, I focused only on one activity at the time. Sometimes, it was impossible to complete the task as new, more urgent tasks, were offered. Still, I tried to make notes of the new ones and complete at least the stage of what I was busy with. Evaluation of its Effect upon Performance, Satisfaction, Absenteeism, and/or Turnover The strategy of effective managing time and stress is really efficient for performance. Doing one task at a time and being provided with the deadline stimulates for better results. Such works brings satisfaction as well as the results. Still, the absenteeism may cause a number of problems. Having created a plan, people may put away the most stressful tasks and leave less time on them, considering those unnecessary. Proper time and stress management helps people do the tasks faster that influences turnover positively. A Plan for Improving on This Competency There are other useful pieces of advice which may help provid e this strategy successfully. People should focus on the urgency of the task first. It is important to eliminate distractions; still, one should remain in contact with others. It is a common knowledge that physical activities stimulate human mental activity. Some may consider physical exercises as the best way for improving time and stress management as one of the most valuable business asset should b kept in an appropriate form, a person that does the tasks. Results of the Plan If one follows the general rules of managing time and stress in combination with the additional ones provided above, the work is going to be effective and employee is going to get great satisfaction. Moreover, the positive effect of the work is going to be seen very soon. Communicating Effectively with Others The Conceptual Issue Effective communication with others is really important for running business. The main idea of communicating effectively is to provide others with accurate and specific information without beating about the bush. One of the best examples for using this strategy is when you have to tell the partner over the telephone the benefits of working with you. You have mo more than a minute, otherwise the partner will become bored. This management strategy comprises two main features, active listening and concise talking to the point.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Application to the Personal Job Experience It is important to remember that using effective communication may help solve numerous problems. Once I was too busy and had to talk to some employees about a new task. I did not spend much time on it being sure that everything is understandable, but when the work was completed in a wrong way, I had to communicate with those employees, one more time, answer their questions and provide deep explanation. This time the communication was effective and the task wa s done perfectly. Evaluation of its Effect upon Performance, Satisfaction, Absenteeism, and/or Turnover Effective communication influences the performance greatly. The ability to communicate effectively gives an opportunity to understand the task properly and get satisfaction from the work. Moreover, effective communication helps reduce to absenteeism minimum and get the highest satisfaction from the work. It is natural that when the task is completely understood and while providing it the communication is possible, which helps to complete it, the turnover increases. A Plan for Improving on This Competency There are some specific guidelines which may help improve this competency. First of all, a person should learn to listen actively as talking to the point is easier. There are some specific steps one should learn to improve the effectiveness of communication and active listening in particular. First, one should show the readiness for listening. Second, he/she should to respond to t he said using different words. Third, it is important to ask questions which should be open-ended. Fourth, one should be ready to clarify some information even if it is understandable somehow. Results of the Plan Thus, following these steps one will be able to improve listening skills and add to the effective communication which is really important, especially in the business world if one wants to achieve set goals. Having learnt to listen to colleagues actively, the communication between you and another employee may result in your favor. This may be crucial in negotiations when huge sum of money is put at stake and you need to win. Motivating and Inspiring Others The Conceptual Issue Motivation is really crucial in the modern world of business. If one works on the basis of motivation and inspiration, it is a guarantee of success. It is a human nature to do something better if he/she is either motivated or inspired. Salary is not the thing which may inspire as people got used to get money for their job, but additional payment may be a motivation. When a person does something he/she likes or even fond of, it is inspiration which helps to get the better results faster and with more successful outcome. Application to the Personal Job Experience Working in the company, I understood that employees who are neither inspired nor motivated with a new task do not hurry to complete the task. It is also obvious that the work done without the forces mentioned above will be completed as faster as possible without attention to the quality.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Time and Stress specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Considering personal working experience, I can say that when I was given a task which interested me, it was unimportant for me whether additional motivation was provided or not. It was interesting for me and nothing else mattered. But, when the task was boring, I needed some speci fic motivation to compete it in time and quality. Evaluation of its Effect upon Performance, Satisfaction, Absenteeism, and/or Turnover Motivation and inspiration influence performance greatly. The higher motivation/inspiration, the better the work is going to be done. The satisfaction from the work under the conditions mentioned above is great. Motivation/inspiration also helps avoid absenteeism and increase turnover as when the work which brings pleasure is done, one may complete more tasks without being tired too much. It should be mentioned that it does not matter whether financial motivation is provided or other one, the performance and turnover still remain at high level. A Plan for Improving on this Competency Before getting down to improving the motivation and inspiration others, it is important to understand the core model when this strategy works. On the one hand, the motivation should be target and desired. This means that employees should be motivated with the offer. On the other hand, employees should be assured that the reward will be provided as soon as the task is checked and the positive results are received. Thus, the motivation/inspiration facilities should become constant and the employees would be sure that their work would be awarded. Results of the Plan If employees are motivated/inspired constantly, the work is always completed with the best outcomes. The company productivity increases and the environment in the company is the healthy and positive. Resolving Conflicts with Others The Conceptual Issue Working in any company, communicating with different people, it is impossible to avoid conflicts. So many men so many minds, they say. In this situation it is important to remain calm and to be able to solve the conflict as faster as it is possible. Conflicts at the workplace ruin the atmosphere and do not make it possible to continue performing tasks. Thus, it is really important to be able to resolve conflicts at the workplace and do it i nvisible for other employees.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Application to the Personal Job Experience Working at the company, I faced the problem that many people wanted to provide their personal opinion without noticing others, sometimes even better thoughts. The work of our Human Resource manager was perfect in such cases. She tried to solve the problem immediately by means of providing the active communication strategy expressing her personal ideas about what was wrong. If this did not work, she involved the whole department into communication and tried to encourage everybody to consider the problem and offer some reasonable resolving. In this case, the problem stopped to be the problem anymore and became the task which had to be done. Evaluation of its Effect upon Performance, Satisfaction, Absenteeism, and/or Turnover Possessing the techniques for conflict resolving, the performance at the work place should improve as time is not spent on unnecessary quarrels. Employees are always satisfied when the environment at the workplace is posi tive and healthy. The absence of the conflicts or their fast resolving adds to this effect. Taking into account the situation from the personal experience, it is impossible to ignore the problem when everybody is involved into its resolving. So, effective conflicts resolving effects absenteeism making it impossible. Still, some time is usually spent on resolving the conflict, so the turnover is reduced. A Plan for Improving on this Competency Here are some steps each person should complete to be able to resolve conflicts successfully or to improve this competency. The conflict should never be ignored. Then right time and location should be chosen. The parties should state the rules according to which they are going to provide their conversations. The central rule should be devoted to the fact that the parties do not leave until the problem is resolved. Parties should be accommodating. People should not try to skip the problem and start the talk off in a different direction. Result s of the Plan One of the main outcomes of the plan offered above is that the problem will be resolved. Moreover, the parties of the conflict will think later about the necessity to spend time on it and will try to avoid conflicts getting down to negotiations as soon as possible. Executing the Leadership Function The Conceptual Issue Leadership is important in modern life. Some people got used to push others, while others cannot imagine anything creative and prefer to be pushed. Executing the leadership function means that a person takes not only the controlling function, but also the performing one. In other words, the leader bears the whole responsibility about the outcome of the affair. It is also important to mention that two leaders cannot coexist without conflicts, especially if they have opposite ideas about how the problem should be solved and which activities should be provided. Application to the Personal Job Experience I have never tried to be a leader, still, I always hav e personal opinion and do not miss a chance to express it. Working in the company, I have never tried to become a leader in a number of reasons. The main reason is that I am scared of responsibility. I should better perform my task and would not respond for others. Once I was absolutely dissatisfied with one project and I made a decision to execute the leadership function. I was pleased as I managed to organize the work in the way I saw it and people trusted my opinion and did everything to reach the common goal, complete the task. I understood that if the work is properly organized, I should not worry about the outcome as everything is going to be perfect. Evaluation of Its Effect upon Performance, Satisfaction, Absenteeism, and/or Turnover When one person controls the whole process, it is easier to follow the performance. Leaders usually consider who work better and award them to encourage others to the same results. This influences performance positively. Moreover, one of the mai n responsibilities of the leader is to organize the work in such a way that everybody was satisfied. Absenteeism is impossible in this case as the leader follows the process and can correct the task if necessary. The turnover of working tasks is also improved as people know what they have to do. A Plan for Improving on This Competency One of the best ways to improve on this competency is to attend the lectures or training devoted to leadership. Still, the first task people should perform is to consider who have leadership inclinations at the workplace. Planned training at the workplace is a good opportunity to have better performing results and improve the competency within each employee. Results of the Plan If the plan is provided on the basis of the recommendations mentioned above, the company will have a number of leaders which may substitute each other while performing different tasks. Moreover, those who are aware of the specific of executing leadership functions are going to f ollow the instructions of others more thoroughly. This essay on Managing Time and Stress was written and submitted by user Aydin Serrano to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Hume, David Essays - David Hume, Philosophy Of Science, Epistemology

Hume, David Essays - David Hume, Philosophy Of Science, Epistemology Hume, David In An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding, David Hume demonstrates how there is no way to rationally make any claims about future occurrences. According to Hume knowledge of matters of fact come from previous experience. From building on this rationale, Hume goes on to prove how, as humans we can only make inferences on what will happen in the future, based on our experiences of the past. But he points out that we are incorrect to believe that we are justified in using our experience of the past as a means of evidence of what will happen in the future. Since we have only experience of the past, we can only offer propositions of the future. Hume classifies human into two categories; Relations of Ideas, and Matters of Fact. (240) Relations of ideas are either intuitively or demonstratively certain, such as in Mathematics (240). It can be affirmed that 2 + 2 equals 4, according to Humes relations of ideas. Matters of fact on the other hand are not ascertained in the same manner as Relations of Ideas. The ideas that are directly caused by impressions are called matters of fact. With matters of fact, there is no certainty in establishing evidence of truth since every contradiction is possible. Hume uses the example of the sun rising in the future to demonstrate how as humans, we are unjustified in making predictions of the future based on past occurrences. As humans, we tend to use the principle of induction to predict what will occur in the future. Out of habit, we assume that sun will rise every day, like it has done in the past, but we have no basis of actual truth to make this justification. By claiming that the sun will rise tomorrow according to Hume is not false, nor is it true. Hume illustrates that the contrary of every matter of fact is still possible, because it can never imply a contradiction and is conceived by the mind with the same facility and distinctness as if ever so conformable to reality (240). Just because the sun has risen in the past does not serve as evidence for the future. Thus, according to Hume, we are only accurate in saying that there is a fifty- percent chance that the sun will rise tomorrow. Hume felt that all reasoning concerning matter of fact seemed to be founded on the relation between cause and effect. (241) Hume said that even though the cause preceded the effect, there is no proof that the cause is responsible for the effect's occurrence , it could be purely coincidental. He claims that the human notion of cause and effect is ungrounded in empirical evidence, but rather given only reasonable probability through continuous reinforcement. Hume's rejection of causation implies a rejection of scientific laws, which are based on the general premise that one event necessarily causes another and predictably always will. According to Hume's philosophy, therefore, knowledge of matters of fact is impossible, although as a practical matter he freely acknowledged that people had to think in terms of cause and effect, and had to assume the validity of their perceptions, For example, if I touch the hot stove, I will get burnt. This statement does not necessitate that when I tou ch the hot stove, (cause) I will always get burnt (effect). Instead, according to Hume, I have no good reason to think that it will not happen again. Hume, however, went further, endeavoring to prove that reason and rational judgments are merely habitual associations of distinct impressions or experiences. Hume claims that all our ideas, which form the basis of our knowledge, are derived from impressions that we take in from the outside world and into the inside world of our mind. Hume grouped perceptions and experiences into one of two categories: impressions and ideas. (238) According to Hume, ideas are memories of sensations but impressions are the cause of the sensation. An impression is part of a temporary feeling, but an idea is the permanent impact of this feeling. Hume believed that ideas were just dull imitations of impressions. Hume did not believe that a priori, knowledge based on reasoning can deduce true knowledge. Knowledge based on reasoning alone, according

A Model Of Customer Value For Consumer Market Marketing Essay

A Model Of Customer Value For Consumer Market Marketing Essay Satisfying customers wishes is a challenge for many companies in the todays rapidly changing and keenly competitive environment. A thorough knowledge of customer needs is even considered to be the foundation on which a company is built. (Mohr-Jackson, 1996) Hence, the researcher in this research has decided to focus the research on customer values. 2.0 Definition of Customer Values Walters (2002) explains that â€Å"value is an interesting concept. The underlying motivation for changes in customer expectations is a shift in the consumer perspective of value which has moved away from a combination of benefits dominated by price towards a range of benefits in which price, for some customer segments, has very little impact. Value is assumed to be the benefits received from a product choice less their costs of acquisition†. The benefits can be measured in price, quality, convenience, flexibility, response time, dependability of delivery, style and fashion, ethical issues, technol ogy and personalization. All these values are very important especially for the first time customers as in this high competitive business environment, customers will compare the value of product or service the competitor is offerings. The more values a company willing to provide, the more likely the customers are willing pay for the product or service. 3.0 Customer Value Models According to Fuller (1993), identify customer’s characteristic and develop customer value model are a very important part in satisfying the customer needs. The product and service characteristic must be produced and delivered and these tasks raise questions concerning the capabilities and capacities. Diagram 1: A Model of Customer Value for Consumer Market According to Day (1990), the original idea of â€Å"value equation† and emphasizing customers’ perception. This model (Diagram 1) integrates descriptive and normative points of view about consumer behaviour, including the consumer value s expectation before purchase, customer value evaluation at the time of buying, and value actualization in consumption or possession. According to social psychologists, people’s perception of objects and events is influenced by their cognitive traits such as personality and attitude, personal values, and consumption schemata. Besides that, it can also be influenced by the demographics such as age, education, income, wealth, and time resources. As indicated in Diagram 1, these factors of â€Å"Customer Characteristics† are the background of the customers’ perception. The buyers’ evaluation of a product purchase begins from their perceived product benefits. The earlier discussions of consumers’ product valuation have proposed a framework about how the customers perceive product benefits based on their terminal personal values and instrumental consumption values. In addition, the discussion has suggested and illustrated a typology of generic product b enefits with eight categories. As indicated in Diagram 1, the model suggests that â€Å"Perceived Product Benefits† could be a single type or a combination of the eight categories of product benefits. The model suggests that customer value is a consequence of subjective evaluation which in turn results from the summing up of the various perceived benefits and perceived costs, taking into account the differently weighted factors. In other words, the â€Å"perceived customer value† in the model is defined as the surplus or the difference between perceived benefits and perceived costs (Day 1990).

Personal and Professional Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Personal and Professional Development - Essay Example Based on my personality and self-assessment test result, a personal career action plan was presented in this report. Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................... 2 Table of Contents ................................................................................................................... 3 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 4 2. Application of Theoretical Frameworks to Learning Experiences ............................ 5 2.1 Myers-Brigg’s Test ..................................................................................... 5 2.2 Johari’s Window ......................................................................................... 6 2.3 SWOT analysis ........................................................................................... 7 3. Career Action Pl an .................................................................................................... 7 4. Conclusion ................................................................................................................ ... ...................................................................... 16 Appendix IV – SWOT Analysis Framework ........................................................................ 17 1. Introduction The act of getting to know oneself is important in both personal and professional development. Basically, my future career goal is to become a successful and effective HR manager. To make my future career goal a reality, I take it as a challenge to continuously improve my leadership skills at all times. Managing people is one of the most difficult jobs a person can have. Aside from keeping each employee motivated at work, it is part of the HR managers’ responsibility to handle each corporate employee effectively. By doing so, the HR manager can help the company save a lot of time, money, and effort in training and retaining a large number of highly competitive employees (Jackson, Schuler and Werner, 2012, p. 194). A company is usually composed of a group of diverse empl oyees. The fact that each employee has a unique set of cultural background, religious beliefs, educational attainment, work attitude and behaviour makes the task of HR managers even more complicated than it seems. For this reason, I assume that there is a strong need for HR managers to further improve their leadership skills. Leadership is strongly relevant to my preferred professional career and development. By focusing on the need to improve my leadership skills, I will be able to strongly â€Å"influence, select, equip, and train† employees without the need to use strong force on them (Winston and Patterson, 2006, p. 7). Furthermore, I strongly believe that through the use of a strong charismatic technique, I could easily win the attention and support of each employee. This will make me able to

Prduction Planning and Scheduling Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Prduction Planning and Scheduling - Case Study Example An organization takes the advantage of planning and scheduling in various instances such as in online campaigning. In this case, an organization narrows down their targeted customers in the market in order to avoid unnecessary cost incurred during marketing and advertising to people not interested in the respective products and services. Creation of a schedule of online ads gives the organization an opportunity to take advantage of price promotions, and also set a budget. According to the Balloons Aloha case study, there are six customer jobs that need to use the helium tank in filling balloons. Therefore, there must be an effective way to sequence the jobs in order to allow a proper sequence order. In the short-term, the six jobs at the company need to have a clear planning and scheduling that allows filling of balloons in a sequential order. The Aloha’s Balloon sequencing system ensures the set six jobs are carried out in an effective manner as per schedule. Jobs are categorized based on processing time, and due dates to prevent collision during the procedure. Therefore, the company must aim at accomplishing long-terms goals by embarking on planning and

Economics and Prostitution Essay Example for Free

Economics and Prostitution Essay Introduction: The word â€Å"prostitution† has always confused the minds of people for years. Constant attempts to solve this existing problem have not really given any positive results. For some time the problem was obviously ignored by the government as if it completely did not know what to do with it. In the beginning of the XXI century a prostitute has become one of the most ordinary goods that the market can offer. It is also necessary to mention that the demand on prostitution is constantly growing due to several factors worth of separate analysis. Prostitution has always been â€Å"covered† from the eyes of citizens as is has always been unacceptable. Nevertheless, the problem does not disappear and in fact it becomes even more â€Å"sharp† with time. Of course it is easier to pretend like there is no enormous amount of women and men that have no other way to survive but offering sexual services. Basically, the Law of Canada has not done anything good enough to solve the problem in any way, except causing vagueness in the understanding  of what is legal and illegal in terms of sexual services. Prostitution has a lot to do with the economy, as it is not only its â€Å"dark† side but also the potential legal income, which is always needed so much. So what is prostitution? Does it need economical stimulation or should it be completely prohibited or ignored? And should the economical approach be used to prostitution at all? Prostitution is not and will never be a standard job and this is something that is to be never forgotten. 2. Choosing prostitution as a â€Å"career† opportunity? Read more: Reasons for Prostitution The most horrifying thing about prostitution is that it has become not just a way to make money for starving and homeless people but also a â€Å"career† opportunity for the young generation. Why do our children have to grow up with the notion that prostitution is a source of getting money and surviving in this world? The contemporary world lives under certain regularities. A man has to get a job that will provide him or her with a sufficient amount of money in order to maintain a normal living. So if a person does not have enough knowledge to get this or that job he or she always has another opportunity to prostitute himself or herself. Prostitution as a primitive was of making money; it is a problem that prevents the society from its perfection and development. Prostitution is obviously a negative phenomenon, demoralizing the society but is has actually become a â€Å"job† for many men and women and this fact cannot remain unnoticed. 2.a. Definition of prostitution Prostitution does exist and it an unchallengeable fact. It existed since ancient times in different countries, with different social-political statuses. A prostitute is a person who provides sexual services in exchange for money. In other words it is a person who offers sex and gets paid for it. Nevertheless, none of the people providing this type of services are performing a business activity. It is usually believed that prostitutes are women; nevertheless men play an important part in prostitution as an object of high demand, too. Anyhow it is very hard to give a definition to prostitution as a profession, because prostitutes do not pay taxes and do not receive any pension while on retirement. Prostitution is not illegal in Canada and this fact puts it in a very uncertain position in terms of possible â€Å"career opportunities† for the young generation. It is legal to  sell services but it is illegal to buy them – this statement makes many people bewildered. One th ing is certain for sure: prostitution – is an act of selling a person’s body for further sexual services for material compensation. 2.b. Danger of the oldest profession Choosing prostitution as a profession is not rational. Yes, it does bring income and the demand is always high. But what will a prostitute remain with at the threshold of the pension age? This is one of the reasons that many people such as the criminologist Dr. John Lowman argue in favor of its legalization1. Prostitution is considered as a potential source of renewing the budget of Canada. But there are also other reasons for not becoming a prostitute except the tax-pension side of the issue. Many of the prostitutes simply disappear and often become the victims of violence. According to the statistics â€Å"90 percent had been physically assaulted in prostitution and 78 percent had been raped in prostitution†2. Prostitutes do not get the protection the representatives of standard professions do. They can also be the cause of spreading of venereal diseases due to the fact of absence of a proper medical checkup. This â€Å"dangers† put prostitution in the position of the â€Å"risk zone† occupation. No one will argue that choosing an occupation with high risks is not rational at all. 3. Economical approach to prostitution Prostitution is legal in Canada. But it is only formally, because â€Å"pimping and operating or being found in or working in a â€Å"bawdy house† (every place where one or more prostitutes regularly work or where â€Å"indecent acts† are performed) are not†3. Criminal Code sections 210 and 211 forbid â€Å"Bawdy houses† and section 212 foresees responsibility for living on the avails of the prostitution of a person. How should the economical approach be applied to prostitution? Canada’s Justice has put prostitution in a position where is has to be done in certain places without any publicity or in other words it has to respect the moral abutments of the society. If prostitution is to be viewed as a type of â€Å"profession† than it is put on the same level with other taxpayers such as teachers, lawyers and many others. The application of the economical approach means that prostitution has to have a legal status. SO this makes us view prostit ution as a business. A business  activity is an independent activity directed to a systematic income arrival from property use, selling goods, work execution or rendering services registered and stated by Law. So prostitution is a systematic income obtained from rendering a service. Prostitution gets the possibility to exist illegally from the gaps in the Law and the Canadian Law with its semi-legalization does not make it easier to define the status of prostitution in the country. If prostitution is legal than prostitutes have to be 18 years old and have the right to medical and social security. At the same time they have to pay the monthly income tax, which will make the profession less profitable, then it is now. 3.a. Prostitution and economy. The existance of prostitution in Canada still can be explained form the point of the economic approach for Canada has a market-based economy. According to the economic approach both of the sides have to be in profit. Demand gives birth to supply and in this terms prostitution is just the reaction of the high demand of sexual services. So it is about the morality of the society in the first place. Third parties should be completely eliminated from this â€Å"deal†. These third parties, known as â€Å"pimps† or even sex-firms are the ones to be persecuted. Sex-workers have become an integral part of Canada’s society and they even form alliances such as the Sex Worker’s Alliance of Vancouver. The amount of money obtained from prostitution is enormous, so therefore the budget is left without any additional financing. There are only two ways out –either to completely legalize it eliminating street prostitution or to completely forbid it. Prostitution has increased in the last years in Canada. This has a lot to do with the sex-tourists arriving to Canada searching for sexual services. This means that Canada is getting foreign â€Å"deposits† that go to â€Å"nowhere†. Conclusion: Prostitution can be found in Canada’s every corner and especially in its main cities4. Its existance is conditioned by many factors. Canada is offering licensed sex but for some reason the gaps in the law enforcements are so big that it is completely impossible to notice them. In many cases prostitution is the only option of a person and the reaction of the government should not be through the legalization of this option but in the creation of other options of decent money making. The economic approach explains the existance of prostitution because any country is a big market place and is interested in  profit in the first place and Canada in not an exception. â€Å"The communicating law† is not effective anymore. Prostitution needs to be analyzed from every single side and needs a new conception of functioning if functioning at all. The economic approach app lication does not imply that the profit is made on the degradation of the society. And it is obvious that if the sex-workers had education, a place to work and a decent salary they would never have found themselves on the panel and could be their labor would have brought a bigger income for the budget. Canada needs to change the economic approach to the human approach and study everything concerning the prostitution for new.

Prostitution in the 19th and 20th Centuries Essay -- Prostitute Prosti

During the late 19th- and early 20th century, the nature of society forced the working class women of America to take advantage of any means to support themselves, including prostitution. Each woman had to decide herself which work option best supported her financially. During this time, women had limited options as far as work was concerned. As time went on, more and more women were forced to work, because they had no husband and no other means of building up a dowry for a husband. By 1910 the wage labor force was made up of about 20% of women as young as fourteen. The wages these women earned were unbelievably low, and at times as much as 80% lower than the wages men earned. Possible job opportunities for the women included options such as a textile factory, which consisted of clothing and fabric production. In these factories, the women ran high risks to their health. More wealthy people would hire these women for domestic services such as nannies, or house servants. These jobs sometimes required the woman to live at that residence, and the women ran the constant risk of being molested by a higher-class ranking individual. Department stores were also willing to hire women. However, the set-back to this type of work was that the women we re sometimes expected to purchase expensive dress up clothing that most of the time they couldn’t afford. The women were advised to â€Å"round out their meager salaries by finding a ‘†gentleman friend†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ to purchase clothing and pleasures†(Peiss, 79). Prostitution was a reliable work engagement that many women participated in. Why did the women feel this was their best option? Several critical, attractive benefits that only prostitution offered contributed to women’s’ choice of ... ...dle-class reform women could have reversed their movements from the women, and turned them toward the men who were putting the prostitutes in business. Those prostitutes could not have been prostitutes if it were not for the eager men paying them for it. However, perhaps a reason this was not done was because the reform women did not have the means to do something as drastic as this because they were, after all, women in a time of man control. Women did not have the same leisurely rights to do as they pleased that men had. I feel that both the reform women and the working-class prostitutes had reasonable bounds for what they fought for. I think that if women had had the rights that men did, prostitution may never have existed. Therefore, personally I blame the men for neglecting women rights, and forcing them to find other, less moral ways to support themselves.

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Write the reference Near-perfect reference Write the citation (Krakow 1994) (FDA consumer health Information 2009) Relevance audience / type of language currency connection/relevance to topic in depth information General public with specific interesting.No limit of age, no limit of education. Language: easy to read for anyone, good writing and understandable language, very simple. Currency: new York, 1994 without date. Tattoos, copyright Connection: the legal and forensic Issues General public, people who are interesting. The website has some deep vocabulary; however, it is easy to understand. Currency: the last report update was October 2009. Connection: the site has a lot of information about tattoos, supplies history Depth information: the site provides the advantages and disadvantages of tattoosAuthority reputable author other sources referred to (or links supplied) organization type Author: My Krakow is expert at tattoos. The main content of the book is about what are the tattoo s, history, and the shortages of tattoos. Warner books press is an educational and academic publisher. – consumer health information Author: FDA There are a lot of references supplies for information given E. G. History, advantages and disadvantages.Organization: FDA consumer health information Reliability goal/purpose & kind of information objectivity remarry or secondary source Goal: inform the public about most of information of tattoos; make them know more about tattoos. Objectivity: Workbooks. Com is a one-stop online source It should be primary source Goal: inform the public information about advantages and disadvantages of tattoos Objective: the website no any advertisement. There are a lot of evidences. Primary: a highly recommend as a primary source for academic report. General comment on suitability of resource (I. E. Why you would or would not use this resource)

Porter Five Forces Starbucks Essay

Starbucks, a cofee stores chain, serving million of coffee lovers worldwide every week, highlights ‘humanistic approach in doing business, value system of the company’ for its huge success. The company featuring ‘one of the best 100 companies to work for’ in Fortune Magazine several times speaks on its own about the satisfaction of the employees contributing towards its all time success. Providing a great work environment and treating every employee equally with self respect and dignity will take care of employee motivation according to Friedrick Herzberg’s Two factor theory, a content theory of Motivation, where ‘Hygiene’ and ‘Motivator’ factors are kept intact for employee to work and focus upon. By creating a culture of challenging employees to do their best, the company encourages employees in participating in setting goals, where as difficult goals extracting best performance at times, and specific goals extracting guara nteed performance according to ’ Goal setting Theory’ by Edwin A. Locke, a process theory of Motivation. The company’s motivational program for its employees consists of â€Å"a special blend of employee benefits† and a work / personal life program that focuses on the physical, emotional, mental and creative aspects of each individual which covers the salient features of Motivation theories by Abraham Maslow – Hierarchy of Needs of different levels as well as by Clayton Alderfer’s ERG theory (explaining about needs for existence, relatedness and growth). The company always seeks from its employees what they want individually, and attempts to give work / life solutions and this upholds Motivation process theories Vroom’s expectancy theory and J.Stanley Adams Equity theory as employees put effort as per expectations and objectives and for clear and quantified material benefits. Starbucks trusts all employees, gives freedom of expression, openness, participation and contribution towards the goals of self as well as for company realising the positive aspec ts of Motivational theory by Mc Greg or – Theory x & Theory Y – which ultimately aims at delight of internal customers, i.e., employees (called as partners) and keeps going and growing.

Sigmund Freud Essays

Sigmund Freud Essays Sigmund Freud Essay Sigmund Freud Essay After years of observation and the discovery of an alternate domain of human unconscious, the renowned psychologist Sigmund Freud decided to take a chance and appeared before medical professionals to tell them what he had discovered.   He modestly revealed some facts that would continuously occur in his patients’ dreams and awaited his colleagues’ acceptance.   This acceptance did not surface; rather Freud’s colleagues found extreme humor in his concepts and then labeled him as a crank.   The words â€Å"dream interpreation,†Ã‚   a phrase coined by Freud are still met with skepticism.   â€Å"They remind one of all sorts of childish, superstitious notions†Ã‚   and those who believe that these mental pictures have meaning are often met with an opposing view.  Ã‚   (Freud Tridon, 1920, p. 2) Dreams and their relationship with mental functioning is a study that challenges professionals and the inability to thoroughly study these unconcious occurances has led many researchers to deem them â€Å"random neuro activity.†Ã‚   (Franklin Zyphur, 2005)  Ã‚   However, looking at the characteristics of dreams it is not surprising that some professionals take this stance.   We all have different experiences when dreaming, for example, some have dreams that are filled with vivid imagry and emotional intensity, others have dreams that contain confusing events, while many experience smooth story lines.   Many individuals can control their dreams while others are merely by standers.   It is this variation of experiences that feeds the view opposing the psychological importance of dreaming.   (Franklin Zyphur, 2005) Sigmund Freud, often called father of Psychology, opened the door to the study of dreams during his career.   As he delved into the research prior to his studies he found of course the medical theories that defined dreaming as merely a physical reaction without any psychological meaning as well as the various superstitious theories.   After spending a lengthy amount of time studying the dreaming process he came to believe that â€Å"the popular view grounded in superstition, and not the medical one, comes nearer to the truth about dreams.†Ã‚   (Freud Tridon, 1920, p. 9) Freud believed that dreams were the attempt of the unconscious to forcefully impose its desires on the upper consciousness and that these mental pictures are vehicles of the human thoughts and desires.   (Pillsbury, 1927, p. 448)   Sigmund also believed that dreams could be interpeted and that this process could be difficult because the desire could be expressed directly or in reverse as well and mean something different than what it might seem.   (Pillsbury, 1927, p. 450)   Because Freud believed that the dreamer was not often aware of the dream’s meaning and that often events of the dream were confusing. Interpretation could take place if you â€Å"break up the dream into its elements† and â€Å"search out the ideas that link themselves to each format.†Ã‚   (Freud Tridon, 1920, p. 11) Carl Gustav Jung, another psychologist who actively persued the study of dreams,   conducted his research under Sigmund Freud until their opposing views caused tension within their relationship and they parted ways.   Jung believed that dreams were a â€Å"manifestation of psychic activity† and that they should â€Å"be regarded with due seriousness as an actuality that has to be fitted into the conscious attitude as a codetermining factor.†Ã‚   (Fordham, 2002)   Jung’s theory was similar to Freud’s however the ultimate difference was that Carl saw the unconcious as spiritual.   Identical to Freud, Jung believed that dreams were not entirely cut off from our consciousness and that dreams have â€Å"their origin in the impressions, thoughts and moods of the preceding day or days.†Ã‚   (Jung, 2001, p. 26) Jung took his theory of the psychology of dreams to another level, however.   He believed that even though dreams surfaced from a past experience that they also have a â€Å"continuity forwards.†Ã‚   In other words, dreams â€Å"exert a remarkable influence on the concious mental life even of persons who cannot be considered superstitious or particularly abnormal.†Ã‚   (Jung, 2001, p. 26) Carl believed that dreams were difficult to understand because they express themselves in symbols and imagry and he developed a method of interpretation in an attempt to understand the â€Å"dream language.†Ã‚   (Fordham, 2002)   The first step to interpreting the psychological meaning of a dream in Jung’s theory was to establish the context, or discover the significance of the images presented and the relationship with the dreamer’s life.   Each image must be carefully studied and associated with the dreamer as nearly as possible before the dreamer is in a position to fully understand what the dream might mean.   A series of dreams offers a more satifactory interpretation than a single dream, as the important images are identified by their reptition and any mistakes can be corrected when the next dream manifests.   Jung believed that every dream should be taken as â€Å"a direct expression of the dreamer’s unconscious, and only to be understood i n this light.†Ã‚   (Fordham, 2002) Research has been conducted since Freud and Jung created their original theories that support the fact that dreams are a state of consciousness that has continued throughout the development of the human species; therefore, this process is a necessary aspect to the human congnitive development. (Franklin Zyphur, 2005)   Though contemporary research exists, the theory developed by Sigmund Freud in the early 1900s holds true.   In his book The Interpretation of Dreams Freud stated in its opening that dreams were â€Å"a psychological structure, full of significance, and one which may be assigned to a specific place in the psychic activities of the waking state.†Ã‚   (Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams, 1931) Sleep is made up of â€Å"behavioral, functional, physiologic and electrophysiologic traits.†Ã‚   (McNamara, 2004)   The human body has a biological need for sleep and the physical process of sleep takes place through stages.   This need accumulates the longer we are awake and can also be determined by the amount of energy used while we are awake.   The process of sleep begins with the body’s signal that sleep is required, this signal is realized when the brain releases a neurochemical substance.   Once asleep the next cycle is activated, which is the control function that allows the human body to alternate between REM and NREM sleep stages.   Upon sleep, an adult will usually experience sleep onset through NREM and sleep offset through REM.   The NREM predominates the first third of the night and REM predominates the last third of the night.   (McNamara, 2004) Researchers have attempted to study the brain’s physiological reaction during the act of sleep through a variety of methods, many of which set out to prove that dreaming was merely the body’s reaction to specific chemical and brain activity.   The EEG and the H2150 PET scan have been used to measure brain activity during the process of sleep and scientists have determined the brain’s physcial reaction as it transitions to REM sleep as well as other stages.   While dreaming, the brain is controlled by the â€Å"meditating influence of the cholinergic system.†Ã‚   (Barbee nd, p. 2)  Ã‚   Researchers were also able to determine that the visuo-motor systems were activated as well as the limbic system. (Barbee nd, p. 2)  Ã‚   Even though these studies proved the brain’s physical reaction to the stages of sleep, it was determined that the â€Å"mind is a mysterious dimension of the self and when coupled with biochemical fulctuations and alteratio ns it becomes an unfamiliar domain.†Ã‚   (Barbee nd, p. 2) Antti Revonsuo’s hypothesis about the psychology of dreaming is that â€Å"Dreaming is a state of consciousness consisting of complex sequences of subjective experience during sleep.†Ã‚   (Revonsuo Valli, 2000)   He believes that the biological function of dreaming, when experiencing nightmares, is the human’s ability to simulate threatening events and repeatedly rehearse the threat perception and avoidance responses.   In other words, we choose threatening waking events and rehearse these events again and again – even years after the original trauma was first experienced.  Ã‚   (Revonsuo Valli, 2000)   Revonsuo performed and in depth study of 52 students that produced 592 dream reports that were created and analyzed in two stages.   Upon completion of the study he concluded that his theory of nightmares was correct.   He also concluded that â€Å"dreaming as a phenomenal experience causually contributes to a complex biological process.†Ã‚   (Revonsuo Valli, 2000) Dream psychologists N. H. Pronko and J. W. Bowles believe that dreams are images that are â€Å"being constantly replenished from current experience.†Ã‚   (Pronko Bowles, 1999, p. 4)   This replenishing process is unobserved in the dream state and is illustrated by the fact that dreams reproduce elements of our own experiences.   Bowles and Pronko believe that in infancy we learn to define our lives through the rapid accumulation of images coupled with emotions.   Through this process we develop the tendency to â€Å"create dramatic situations which express past emotional situations.†Ã‚   (Pronko Bowles, 1999, p. 20)   Nightmares are merely the expression of someone who disregards anxiety in the waking world.   If a person ignores anxiety issues while awake, then upon sleep the â€Å"emotions we can not project meet us in dreams.†Ã‚   (Pronko Bowles, 1999, p. 32) Many theories surrounding dreams exist and those supporting the psychological importance of dreams are contemporary theories built upon the foundation of psychologists such as Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung.   These studies have sparked many others that focus on the physiological reaction of the brain during the dreaming state and though a physical reaction can be found within the human brain while sleep and dreaming occurs – researchers can not say for certain that dreams are merely a manifestation of some physiological experience.   The study of dreams must continue as evidence exists that provides proof of the fact that dreams are a key to our mind’s unconcious state.   Sigmund Freud stated in his book The Interpretation of Dreams, â€Å"If I were asked what is the theoretical value of the study of dreams, I should reply that it lies in the additions to psychological knowledge and the beginnings of an understanding to the neuroses which we thereby obtain.†Ã ‚   (Freud, 1931, p. 325)

No Child Left Behind Is it Working Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

No Child Left Behind Is it Working - Essay Example Many children in the United States experience reading failure. According to the National Assessment f Educational Progress (NAEP) on reading in 2003, thirty-seven percent f fourth graders are reading below the Basic Proficiency level. This is the same level f failure that was reported in 1992 (Making NCLB work) Under this plan, all public schools students must be proficient in reading and math by the year 2014. Only students in second grade and beyond are required to test. In grades three through eight and once during high school, reading and math development will be calculated yearly. Testing in science will also be conducted by the end f the 2007-2008 school year. By the end f the 2005-2006 school year, teachers will also be required to be "highly qualified" (Wikipedia) According to this program, a highly qualified teacher is defined as an individual who has fulfilled the states' qualifications and licensure requirements. New teachers entering this field are required to acquire at least a bachelor's degree. If they will be teaching at an elementary school, they must pass a test known as the California Subject Examination for Teachers (CSET) and the California Basic Education Skills Test (CBEST). These tests replicate the subject matter understanding required to teach in California and demonstrates proficiency in basic reading and writing, mathematics and English. Teachers that are not new must pass a test in which state they teach in that demonstrates their subject understanding and teaching abilities. Each state has a curriculum structure. Each one summarizes the course f study by local school districts. This is how they develop programs directing state and local textbook adoption processes. Most states' average curriculum consists f English Language Arts, Mathematics, History/Social Science, and Science. Many states have no adopted standards in the remaining vicinities f curriculum such as foreign language, Physical Education and health. Each year schools, school districts, and the state must make adequate yearly progress (AYP). For Unified school districts K-12, 23.0% f their students must score proficient or above in ELA and 23.7% must do so in math. By the 2007-2008 school year, 34.0% must score proficient or above in ELA and 34.6% in math. Scores must improve annually with the same goal f 100% proficient or above by the 2013-2014 school year. States need to develop standards-based tests in science by the 2007-2008 school year (California School Accountability System under the Federal NCLB act). Under the accountability provisions, states must explain how they will close the achievement gap by making certain that all students reach academic proficiency. States must also generate annual state and school district report cards that notify parents and the surrounding communities regarding the state and school progress. Many states are requesting authorization to change the amount f students whose scores do not have to be calculated in required racial categories. Test scores are required to be reported by group such as race, disability, or economic circumstances. By law if one group f students fails to meet the standards, the whole school

Development of a new product Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Development of a new product - Essay Example From this research it is clear that the modern world has witnessed tremendous developments in all fields of life in the wake of fastest technological advancements, which have modified the very scenario of lifestyle in general. The advanced countries are considered to be the beneficiaries of globalisation, though every nation has taken advantage from this process. Although these advancements have brought marvellous comforts in human life, yet work hours have observed a constant increase, and leisure hours are shrinking swiftly. Since the rise of the Information Age, the concept of the office has not been confined to the four walls of the building of work place any more. Rather, people remain busy at work on computer on holidays too at home. As a result, the maintenance of equilibrium between work and life is becoming a dream only, and holidays are also being spent in the completion of professional tasks and assignments. â€Å"If workers of the modern times were overworked, those of the post modern times are not only overworked but also over managed, employers appearing eager to try the â€Å"flavour of the day† in order to increase the financial performance of their companies†. Imbalance in lifestyle can be witnessed in the unevenness of diet, which adversely affects the health of the workers. At this precarious state of affairs, there is an urgent need for developing and presenting a perfect and hygienic liquid diet that could immediately restore the energy level, which is lost while spending time in different professional, personal and domestic activities at offices, fields, residences and playgrounds. Keeping in mind these challenging factors, Ailasia Inc. has launched a new drink that would be helpful in restoring the energy level of the individuals particularly during their work hours, and would not let them feel tired or exhausted. Hence, the drink, Energy-R, will increase the work proficiency of the industrialists, consultants, workers and managers alike, and will lead them make progress in their business or career. Statement of the Problem The management only hires the services of intelligent, brilliant, healthy and fit personnel and workers, which can pay extra heed to their organisation. If the work force appears to be exhausted and inefficient, it would become almost impossible to meet with the targets and achieve the goals determined by the management of the organisation. Since an overwhelming majority of a population is involved into economic activities in one way or the other, there is an immediate need of an energy boosting supplement for improving their work efficien cy. Hence, Energy-R will serve as a wonderful drink for the people working at any place for the recovery of their energy level, and the product will suddenly capture the attention of millions of people even outside the UK. This drink may be an excellent antidote to the problems and changes caused by the Information Age. Research Aims and Objectives It is a fact that is beyond dispute that economic prosperity is always dependent of the diligence and commitment to one’s work, which is only possible provided people are efficient and are able to spend more time at work than others for their individual and collective progress. With the increase of the use of computers at the office and lengthening of the work day, people have less energy to be productive. It follows that one way to increase the amount of economic success stories is through the use of a powerful energy drink. The next section focuses on the objectives of the study followed by a section on literature review. Based o n the literature reviewed, the fourth section would analyse the data collected for the present study. The fifth and the final section would consist of a conclusion and suggestions and would point out the appropriate marketing